Ngaba uyayazi inkqubo yokunyibilika kweetoti zeAluminiyam?

Iitoti zeAluminiyam ziyinto eqhelekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, zisebenza njengezikhongozeli zeziselo kunye nezinye iimveliso zabathengi.Ezi toti zenziwe ngezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezingagugiyo, kunye nezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe - i-aluminiyam.Ukuveliswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kweetoti ze-aluminium kubandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi, kuquka ukunyibilika kwe-aluminiyam.Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga inkqubo enomdla yokunyibilika kweetoti ze-aluminium, sijolise kwimiba ephambili efana nesithando somlilo se-aluminium, ii-agent zokususa i-slag, ii-agent zokusulungekisa, i-silicon yensimbi, kunye nezihluzo ze-ceramic ze-foam.

I. Iziko lokunyibilikisa iAluminiyam
Inkqubo yokunyibilika kweetoti ze-aluminiyam iqala ngeziko lokunyibilikisa i-aluminiyam, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni i-aluminiyam eqinileyo ibe yimeko etyhidiweyo.Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zamaziko asetyenziswa kushishino, kodwa ezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
I-Reverberatory Furnace: Esi sithando somlilo siyilwe ngeprofayili ephantsi, igumbi loxande apho i-aluminiyam ifudunyezwa ngokungathanga ngqo ngobushushu obukhazimlayo obuvela eluphahleni nasezindongeni.Isithando somlilo sinokufikelela kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-1200 ° C, engaphezulu kokwaneleyo ukunyibilikisa i-aluminium.
I-Crucible Furnace: Olu hlobo lwesithando somlilo lusebenzisa i-crucible ene-refractory-lined crucible ukubamba i-aluminium.I-crucible ifudumala ngombane okanye i-gas-fired burners, kwaye i-aluminium inyibilika ngaphakathi kwayo.
I-Induction Furnace: Eli ziko lixhomekeke kwi-electromagnetic induction ukuvelisa ubushushu kwi-aluminiyam.Inkqubo icocekile kwaye inamandla okusebenza, okwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo lokunyibilikisa i-aluminium.

II.Iiarhente zokususa i-Slag
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunyibilika, ukungcola kwi-aluminium kunokwenza uluhlu lwe-slag ebusweni bentsimbi etyhidiweyo.Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela, kubalulekile ukususa i-slag.Ii-agent zokususa i-slag, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fluxes, ziikhemikhali eziququzelela ukuhlukana kwe-slag kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo.Iiarhente zokususa i-slag zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
I-Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Le tyuwa inceda ekuqhekezeni i-slag, yenza kube lula ukuyisusa.
I-Potassium Chloride (KCl): Njenge-sodium chloride, i-potassium chloride inceda ukuchithwa kwe-slag, ikhuthaza ukuhlukana kwayo kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo.
I-Fluoride-based Fluxes: Le mibhobho inceda ekususeni ukungcola kwe-oxide kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokuncibilika kwe-slag, okwenza kube lula ukususa.

III.Iiarhente zokuCoca

Iiarhente zokucokisa zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa umgangatho we-aluminium etyhidiweyo ngokususa ukungcola okufana negesi ye-hydrogen kunye ne-inclusions.Ezinye ii-arhente zokucoca eziqhelekileyo ziquka ezi zilandelayo:

I-Hexachloroethane (C2Cl6): Le khompawundi ibola kwi-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo, ikhupha igesi yeklorini echaphazela ukungcola, okwenza kube lula ukuyisusa.
Igesi yeNitrojeni (N2): Xa igesi yenitrogen idutyulwa kwialuminiyam etyhidiweyo, inceda ekususeni igesi yehydrogen kunye nezinto eziqukiweyo.
I-Argon Gas (Ar): Njenge-nitrogen, i-argon gas ingasetyenziselwa ukususa igesi ye-hydrogen kunye ne-inclusions kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo.

IV.Metallic Silicon

I-silicon yesinyithi yongezwa kwi-aluminiyam etyhidiweyo njengento edibeneyo.Ukongezwa kwe-silicon yensimbi kuphucula iimpawu zomatshini zemveliso yokugqibela, njengamandla kunye nobunzima.Ngapha koko, isilicon ikwanceda ekusulungekiseni ialuminiyam etyhidiweyo ngokusabela ngobumdaka kunye nokukhuthaza ukususwa kwayo.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokunyibilika kweetoti ze-aluminiyam yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa enomdla ebandakanya amacandelo abalulekileyo kunye namanyathelo.I-aluminium yokunyibilika komlilo, nokuba yi-reverberatory, i-crucible, okanye i-furnace induction, isebenza njengomqolo wenkqubo, eyenza ukuguqulwa kwe-aluminium eqinile ibe yimeko etyhidiweyo.Ii-agent zokususa i-slag, ezifana ne-sodium chloride kunye ne-potassium chloride, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni ukungcola kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho we-aluminium etyhidiweyo.Ii-agent zokucokisa, njenge-hexachloroethane kunye negesi ye-nitrogen, ziphucula ngakumbi umgangatho ngokususa igesi ye-hydrogen kunye ne-inclusions.Ukongezwa kwe-silicon yensimbi njengento edibeneyo ayiphuculi kuphela iimpawu zomatshini zemveliso yokugqibela kodwa inceda kwinkqubo yokucokisa.Okokugqibela, izihluzi ze-ceramic ze-foam zinceda ekucoceni kokugqibela kwe-aluminium etyhidiweyo, ekhokelela kwimveliso ecocekileyo kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu.Ukuqonda ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kunye namanyathelo kunika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ephawulekayo emva kokuveliswa kunye nokuhlaziywa kweetoti ze-aluminium.