I. ukufinyeza
Ekupheleni komsila wezinye iimveliso ezikhutshiweyo, emva kokuhlolwa kokukhulisa okuphantsi, kukho into efana nophondo kwindawo ephakathi yecandelo elinqamlezileyo, ebizwa ngokuba ngumsila onciphayo.
Ngokubanzi, umsila wemveliso yokukhupha phambili inde kuneyokukhupha okungasemva, kwaye i-alloy ethambileyo inde kune-alloy eqinileyo. Ukuncipha kwemveliso yokukhupha phambili ikakhulu kukwimo yomaleko odibeneyo we-annular, kwaye ukuncipha kwemveliso yokukhupha engasemva ikakhulu kukwimo ye-funnel ephakathi.
Isinyithi sikhutshwa siye ngasemva, kwaye ulusu lwe-ingot kunye nezinto zangaphandle eziqokelelene kwikona efileyo yesilinda yokukhupha okanye i-gasket zingena kwimveliso ukuze zenze ukuncipha kwesibini; xa izinto eziseleyo zimfutshane kakhulu kwaye embindini wemveliso unganikwa ngokwaneleyo, zenza uhlobo lwesifinyezo. Ukusuka esiphelweni somsila ukuya ngaphambili, umsila uba lula kancinci uze unyamalale ngokupheleleyo.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuncitshiswa
1. Izinto eziseleyo zimfutshane kakhulu okanye ubude besiphelo esisikiweyo semveliso abuhambelani nemigaqo;
2. Iphedi yokukhupha ayicocekanga kwaye inamabala eoyile;
3. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokukhupha, isantya sokukhupha sikhawuleza kakhulu okanye sinyuke ngequbuliso;
4. Sebenzisa iphedi yokucinezela egudileyo (iphedi ephakanyisiweyo embindini);
5. Ubushushu besilinda yokukhupha buphezulu kakhulu;
6. Isilinda yokukhupha kunye nomngxuma wokukhupha azilungelelaniswanga;
7. Umphezulu we-ingot awucocekanga, kukho amabala eoyile, iithumba ezihlukanisayo kunye nokugoba kunye nezinye iziphene azisuswa;
8. Umkhono wangaphakathi wesilinda yokuphuma awucocekanga okanye awulunganga, kwaye ulwelo lwangaphakathi alucocwa ngephedi yokucoca ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Shiya intsalela uze usike imisila njengoko kufuneka;
2. Gcina iimbumba zicocekile;
3. Ukuphucula umgangatho womphezulu we-ingot;
4. Lawula ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu kunye nesantya se-extrusion ukuqinisekisa i-extrusion egudileyo;
5. Ngaphandle kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukufaka ioyile kumphezulu wesixhobo kunye nomngundo;
6. I-gasket ipholiswe kakuhle.
II. Isangqa sekristale esirhabaxa
Ezinye iimveliso ezikhutshwe kwi-aluminium alloy zenza indawo yesakhiwo sengqolowa ephinda iphindwe kabini ecaleni komda wemveliso kwisiqwenga sovavanyo lokukhulisa esiphantsi emva konyango lwesisombululo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-coarse grain ring. Ngenxa yeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokucubungula iimveliso, ii-ring-shaped, arc-shaped kunye nezinye iintlobo zee-coarse-grained rings zinokwenziwa. Ubunzulu be-coarse-grained ring buyancipha kancinci ukusuka emsileni ukuya ngaphambili kwaye bunyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yokuqala yokwakheka yindawo engaphantsi kweenkozo eyenziwe phezu komphezulu wemveliso emva kokukhupha okushushu, kwaye indawo yeenkozo ephinda iphindwe kabini yenziwa emva kokulungiswa kokufudumeza kunye nesisombululo.
Eyona nto ibangela indandatho yekristale erhabaxa
1. Ukuguqulwa kwe-extrusion engalinganiyo
2. Ubushushu bonyango lobushushu buphezulu kakhulu kwaye ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu, ukuze iinkozo zikhule;
3. Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zegolide akunangqiqo;
4. Ii-alloys eziqiniswayo ezinyangwa ngobushushu ngokubanzi zinezangqa ezirhabaxa emva konyango lobushushu, ingakumbi iimilo kunye neebhari ze-6a02, 2a50 kunye nezinye ii-alloys zezona zinzima, ezingenakususwa kwaye zinokulawulwa kuphela ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile;
5. Ukuguquguquka kwe-extrusion kuncinci okanye ukuguquguquka akwanelanga, okanye kuluhlu olubalulekileyo lokuguquguquka, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa indandatho yekristale erhabaxa.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Udonga olungaphakathi lwesilinda yokukhupha lugudile kwaye lucocekile, lwenza umkhono we-aluminiyam opheleleyo ukunciphisa ukungqubana ngexesha lokukhupha;
2. Ukuguqulwa kufanele kugcwale kwaye kufane kangangoko, kwaye iiparameter zenkqubo ezifana nobushushu kunye nesantya kufuneka zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo;
3. Kuphephe ukuba ubushushu bonyango lwesisombululo buphezulu kakhulu okanye ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu;
4. Ukukhupha nge-die enemingxuma;
5. Ukukhupha ngokusebenzisa indlela yokukhupha engasemva kunye nendlela yokukhupha engashukumiyo;
6. Yenziwe ngendlela yonyango lwesisombululo-ukudweba-ukwaluphala;
7. Lungisa ukwakheka kwegolide iyonke kwaye wonyuse i-recrystallization inhibitory element;
8. Sebenzisa i-extrusion yobushushu obuphezulu;
9. Ezinye ii-ingots ze-alloy azifani, kwaye i-coarse grain ring ayinzulu ngexesha lokukhupha.
III, eneengqimba
Esi sisiphene sokwahlulwa kwesikhumba esenzeka xa ukuhamba kwesinyithi kufana kakhulu, kwaye umphezulu we-ingot ungena kwimveliso ecaleni komgca ophakathi kwesikhunta kunye nendawo engaphambili ye-elastic. Kwicandelo lovavanyo oluphantsi olunqamlezileyo, kubonakala ngathi kukho isiphene seeleya ezahlukeneyo kumda wecandelo elinqamlezileyo.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuhlukaniswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo
1. Kukho uthuli phezu komphezulu we-ingot okanye i-ingot inee-aggregates ezinkulu zokwahlulwa endaweni yesikhumba semoto, ii-tumor zesinyithi, njl.njl., ezilula ukwenza iileya;
2. Kukho ii-burrs kumphezulu wento engenanto okanye uthuli olufana namabala eoyile, uthuli lwesarha, njl.njl., ezingacocwanga ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe;
3. Indawo yomngxuma we-die ayifanelekanga, ikufutshane nomphetho wesilinda ye-extrusion;
4. Isixhobo sokukhupha sigugile kakhulu okanye kukho ukungcola kwibhakethi yesilinda sokukhupha, esingenakucocwa kwaye sitshintshwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
5. Umahluko wobubanzi bephedi yokuphuma mkhulu kakhulu;
6. Ubushushu besilinda ye-extrusion buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-ingot.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwezibumba, ukuhlolwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo ezingafanelekanga;
2. Ii-ingots ezingafanelekanga azifakwanga kwisithando somlilo;
3. Emva kokusika izinto eziseleyo, kufuneka zicocwe ngaphandle kokunamathela kwioyile yokuthambisa;
4. Gcina ulwelo lwesilinda ye-extrusion lungaphazanyiswa, okanye ucoce ulwelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo nge-gasket.
IV. Ukuwelda okungasebenzi kakuhle
Ingxaki yokuqhekeka kwe-weld okanye ukuwelda okungaphelelanga kwemveliso engenanto ekhutshwe yi-split die kwi-weld ibizwa ngokuba yi-poor welding.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuwelda kakubi
1. I-extrusion coefficient incinci, ubushushu be-extrusion buphantsi, kwaye isantya se-extrusion sikhawuleza;
2. Uboya okanye izixhobo eziphumayo azicocekanga;
3. Oyile isikhunta;
4. Uyilo lwesikhunta olungalunganga, uxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic olunganelanga okanye olungalinganiyo, uyilo olungafanelekanga lwemingxuma ye-shunt;
5. Kukho ibala leoyile kumphezulu we-ingot.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Nyusa ngokufanelekileyo i-extrusion coefficient, ubushushu be-extrusion kunye nesantya se-extrusion;
2. Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kweenkuni;
3. Isilinda yokukhupha kunye negasket yokukhupha azigalelwanga ioyile kwaye zigcinwa zicocekile;
4. Sebenzisa ii-ingots ezineendawo ezicocekileyo.
V. Imifantu yokukhupha
Olu luqhekeko oluncinci olumile okwe-arc olusecaleni kweqhekeza lovavanyo olunqamlezileyo lwemveliso ekhutshiweyo, kunye nokuqhekeka okwethutyana kwi-engile ethile kwicala layo elide, elifihliweyo phantsi kwe-epidermis kwiimeko ezikhanyayo, kunye nokuqhekeka okurhabaxa kumaleko wangaphandle kwiimeko ezinzima, okuya konakalisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwesinyithi. Ukuqhekeka kokukhupha kwenzeka xa umphezulu wesinyithi uqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu loxinzelelo lokuphinda-phinda lodonga lwe-die ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha.
Eyona nto ibangela iintanda eziphumayo
1. Isantya sokukhupha sikhawuleza kakhulu;
2. Ubushushu bokukhupha izinto buphezulu kakhulu;
3. Isantya sokukhupha siyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu;
4. Ubushushu boboya obukhutshiweyo buphezulu kakhulu;
5. Xa idayethi enemingxuma ikhutshiwe, ulungiselelo lwedayi lusondele kakhulu embindini, kangangokuba unikezelo lwesinyithi esiphakathi alwanelanga, kangangokuba umahluko phakathi kweziko kunye nesantya sokuhamba komphetho mkhulu kakhulu;
6. Ukufakelwa kwe-ingot homogenization annealing akulunganga.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Sebenzisa ngokungqongqo iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza kunye nokukhupha;
2. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo;
3. Guqula uyilo lwesikhunta kwaye ulucubungule ngononophelo, ingakumbi uyilo lwebhulorho yesikhunta, igumbi lokuwelda kunye nobubanzi bomphetho, njl. kufuneka lube lufanelekileyo;
4. Nciphisa umxholo wesodium kwii-alloys ze-aluminium eziphezulu ze-magnesium;
5. I-ingot iyalungiswa ibe yi-homogenized kwaye i-anneal ukuze iphucule i-plasticity yayo kunye nokufana kwayo.
VI. Amaqamza
Isinyithi sesikhumba sendawo sihlala sahlulwe okanye singahlali sisuka kwisinyithi esisisiseko, kwaye sibonakala njengesiphene esijikelezayo okanye esimile okwemicu esiphakanyisiweyo, esibizwa ngokuba yiqamza.
Unobangela oyintloko wamaqamza
1. Xa kukhutshwa, isilinda yokukhupha kunye nephedi yokukhupha izinto zinokungcola okufana nokufuma kunye neoyile;
2. Ngenxa yokuguguleka kwesilinda yokukhupha umoya, umoya ophakathi kwenxalenye egugulekileyo kunye ne-ingot ungena kumphezulu wesinyithi ngexesha lokukhupha umoya;
3. Kukho ukufuma kwi-lubricant;
4. Isakhiwo se-ingot ngokwaso sineziphene ezikhululekileyo nezineembobo;
5. Ubushushu bonyango lobushushu buphezulu kakhulu, ixesha lokubamba lide kakhulu, kwaye umswakama womoya okwisithando somlilo uphezulu;
6. Umxholo we-hydrogen kwimveliso uphezulu kakhulu;
7. Ubushushu besilinda yokukhupha kunye nobushushu be-ingot ziphezulu kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Imiphezulu yezixhobo kunye nee-ingots kufuneka igcinwe icocekile, igudile kwaye yomile;
2. Yila ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besilinda ye-extrusion kunye ne-gasket ye-extrusion, jonga ubungakanani besixhobo rhoqo, lungisa isilinda ye-extrusion ngexesha apho kukho isisu esikhulu, kwaye i-gasket ye-extrusion akufuneki ingabi ngaphandle kokunyamezelana;
3. Qinisekisa ukuba i-lubricant icocekile kwaye yomile;
4. Landela ngokungqongqo inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo yokukhupha, ukukhupha umoya ngexesha elifanelekileyo, usike ngokuchanekileyo, ungayifaki ioyile, susa ngokupheleleyo izinto eziseleyo, gcina iindawo ezingenanto kunye nezibungu zicocekile kwaye zingangcoliswanga.
VII. Ukuxobula
Le yimeko yokwahlukana kwendawo phakathi kwesinyithi sesikhumba kunye nesinyithi esisisiseko semveliso yokukhupha i-aluminium alloy.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuxobuka
1. Xa i-alloy itshintshwa kwaye ikhutshwa, udonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda yokuphuma lunamathela kwisihlahla esenziwe yintsimbi yokuqala, engacocwanga kakuhle;
2. Isilinda yokukhupha kunye nephedi yokukhupha azifani ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi lwesilinda yokukhupha lufakwe isinyithi esisele sendawo;
3. Ikhutshwa ngesilinda yokuthambisa ekhuphayo;
4. Kukho isinyithi kumngxuma wedayi okanye ibhanti yokusebenza yedayi inde kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Coca kakuhle isilinda yokukhupha xa ukhupha i-alloy;
2. Yila ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besilinda ye-extrusion kunye ne-gasket ye-extrusion, jonga ubungakanani besixhobo rhoqo, kwaye i-gasket ye-extrusion ayinakuba ngaphandle kokunyamezelana;
3. Coca intsimbi eseleyo kwisikhunta ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
VIII. Imikrwelo
Amanxeba oomatshini anemigca enye abangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezibukhali kunye nomphezulu wemveliso ngexesha lokutyibilika okuqhelekileyo abizwa ngokuba yimikrwelo.
Eyona nto ibangela imikrwelo
1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo ngendlela engafanelekanga, izikhokelo kunye neetafile zokusebenza ezingagudiyo, iikona ezibukhali okanye izinto zangaphandle, njl.njl.;
2. Kukho iitships zesinyithi kwibhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta okanye ibhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta yonakele;
3. Kukho isanti okanye iitships zesinyithi eziphukileyo kwioyile yokuthambisa;
4. Ukusebenza okungafanelekanga ngexesha lokuthuthwa kunye nokusasaza okungafanelekanga.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Jonga kwaye upholishe ibhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
2. Jonga umjelo wokuphuma kwemveliso, kufuneka igudiswe, kwaye indlela yesikhokelo ingathambisa ngokufanelekileyo;
3. Thintela ukukhuhla nokukrwela ngoomatshini ngexesha lokuphatha.
IX. Amaqhuma
Amanxeba avele phezu kweemveliso okanye iimveliso ezingqubane nezinye izinto abizwa ngokuba kukulimala kwamaqhuma.
Eyona nto ibangela amaqhuma
1. Ulwakhiwo lwebhentshi yokusebenza kunye nerack yezinto ezibonakalayo alunangqiqo;
2. Ukukhuselwa okungafanelekanga kwesinyithi kweengobozi zezinto, iirakhi zezinto, njl.njl.;
3. Musa ukuyiphatha ngononophelo xa uyisebenzisa.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Sebenzisa ngononophelo, phatha ngononophelo;
2. Sika iikona ezibukhali, uze ugqume ibhaskithi kunye nerakhi nge-dunnage kunye nezinto ezithambileyo.
X. Imikrwelo
Amanxeba asasazwa ngamaqhuqhuva kumphezulu wemveliso abangelwa kukutyibilika okanye ukuphambuka emva kokuba umphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo udibene nemiphetho okanye imiphezulu yezinye izinto kuthiwa yimikrwelo.
Eyona nto ibangela imikrwelo
1. Isikhunta sigugile kakhulu;
2. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu be-ingot, umngxuma we-die unamathela kwi-aluminium okanye ibhanti yokusebenza ye-die hole yonakele;
3. Ukungcola okufana negrafiti kunye neoyile kuwela kwisilinda yokukhupha;
4. Iimveliso ziyahamba kunye, ukuze umphezulu ukrweleke kwaye ukuhamba kwe-extrusion kungalingani, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iimveliso zingahambi ngendlela ethe tye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imikrwelo phakathi kwezinto kunye nendlela yesikhokelo kunye netafile yokusebenza.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Jonga kwaye utshintshe ii-molds ezingafanelekiyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
2. Lawula ubushushu bokufudumeza boboya;
3. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wesilinda yokukhupha kunye noboya ucocekile kwaye womile;
4. Lawula isantya sokukhupha umoya ukuqinisekisa isantya esifanayo.
XI. Iimpawu zomngundo
Olu luphawu lokungalingani okude kumphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo, kwaye zonke iimveliso ezikhutshiweyo zineempawu zokufa ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
Eyona nto ibangela iimpawu zokungunda
Isizathu esiphambili: ibhanti yokusebenza yokubumba ayinakufikelela ekugudiseni ngokupheleleyo.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu webhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta ucocekile, ugudile kwaye awunamiphetho ebukhali;
2. Unyango olufanelekileyo lwe-nitriding ukuqinisekisa ubulukhuni obuphezulu bomphezulu;
3. Lungisa ngokuchanekileyo isikhunta;
4. Ibhanti yokusebenza kufuneka yenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, kwaye ibhanti yokusebenza mayingabi yinde kakhulu.
XII. Jika, goba, jika
Imeko apho icandelo elinqamlezileyo lemveliso ekhutshiweyo lijikwa ngendlela ejikelezayo kwicala elide libizwa ngokuba kukujika. Imeko yokuba imveliso igobile kwicala elide okanye imilo yemela ingathanga tye ibizwa ngokuba kukugoba. Imeko eqhubekayo yokujika eyenzeka kwicala elide lemveliso ibizwa ngokuba yi-wave.
Izizathu eziphambili zokujika, ukugoba, kunye namaza
1. Uyilo kunye nolungiselelo lwemingxuma yedayi alulunganga, okanye ukusasazwa kobungakanani bebhanti yokusebenza akunangqiqo;
2. Ukuchaneka okungalunganga komatshini wokugaya imingxuma;
3. Isikhokelo esifanelekileyo asifakwanga;
4. Ukulungiswa kokubumba okungafanelekanga;
5. Ubushushu kunye nesantya sokuphuma esingafanelekanga;
6. Imveliso ayilungiswanga ngaphambi kokuba ilungiswe;
7. Ukupholisa okungalinganiyo ngexesha lonyango lobushushu olukwi-intanethi.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwesikhunta kwinqanaba eliphezulu;
2. Faka isikhokelo esifanelekileyo, ukutsalwa kunye nokukhupha;
3. Sebenzisa ukuthambisa kwasendaweni, ukulungisa isikhunta kunye nokuphambukisa okanye utshintshe uyilo lomngxuma we-shunt ukuze ulungise izinga lokuhamba kwesinyithi;
4. Lungisa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu kunye nesantya se-extrusion ukuze wenze i-deformation ifane ngakumbi;
5. Nciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bonyango lwesisombululo okanye unyuse ubushushu bamanzi xa kunyangwa isisombululo;
6. Qinisekisa ukuba ukupholisa okufanayo ngexesha lokucima i-intanethi.
XIII. Ukugoba okuqinileyo
Ukugoba ngequbuliso kwemveliso ekhutshiweyo kwindawo ethile kwicala lobude kubizwa ngokuba kukugoba okuqinileyo.
Unobangela oyintloko wokugoba okuqinileyo
1. Isantya sokukhupha esingalinganiyo, utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka kwisantya esiphantsi ukuya kwisantya esiphezulu, okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ukusuka kwisantya esiphezulu ukuya kwisantya esiphantsi, kunye nokuma okukhawulezileyo;
2. Yishukumise ngokuqinileyo imveliso ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha;
3. Umphezulu wokusebenza we-extruder awulingani.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Musa ukuma ngokungacwangciswanga okanye utshintshe isantya sokuphuma ngequbuliso;
2. Musa ukuyishukumisa iprofayili ngequbuliso ngesandla;
3. Qinisekisa ukuba itafile yokukhupha ityatyekile kwaye itafile yerola yokukhupha igudile, ingenazo izinto zangaphandle, kwaye imveliso edibeneyo ayithintelwanga.
XIV. Iinoodles zeHemp
Esi sisiphene somphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba umphezulu wemveliso unamaqhuqhuva aqhubekekayo, imikrwelo yamabala, imingxunya, iimbotyi zesinyithi, njl.njl. kunye nokungalingani okuncinci.
Eyona nto ibangela i-pockmark
1. Ubunzima bokubumba abwanele okanye ubunzima abulingani;
2. Ubushushu bokukhupha izinto buphezulu kakhulu;
3. Isantya sokukhupha sikhawuleza kakhulu;
4. Ibhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta inde kakhulu, irhabaxa okanye inamathele ngesinyithi;
5. Uboya obukhutshiweyo bude kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nobulukhuni obufanayo bebhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta;
2. Fudumeza isilinda yokukhupha kunye ne-ingot ngokwemigaqo, kwaye usebenzise isantya sokukhupha esifanelekileyo;
3. Yila isikhunta ngokufanelekileyo, unciphise uburhabaxa bomphezulu webhanti yokusebenza, kwaye uqinise ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokupholisha umphezulu;
4. Sebenzisa ubude obufanelekileyo be-ingot.
XV. Ukucinezela ngesinyithi
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, iitships zesinyithi zicinezelwa kumphezulu wemveliso, okubizwa ngokuba kukucinezela ngesinyithi.
Ezona zinto zibangela ukungena kwesinyithi:
1. Iziphelo zoboya zineengxaki;
2. Umphezulu ongaphakathi woboya unamathele ngesinyithi okanye ioyile yokuthambisa ineenkunkuma zesinyithi kunye nolunye uthuli;
3. Isilinda yokukhupha ayicocwanga, kwaye kukho nezinye izinto ezimdaka zesinyithi;
4. I-ingot itshiswe kwezinye izinto zangaphandle zesinyithi;
5. Kukho ukufakwa kwe-slag eboyeni.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Susa iibherrs eboyeni;
2. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu woboya kunye neoyile yokuthambisa ucocekile kwaye womile;
3. Coca inkunkuma yesinyithi kwisilinda yokubumba kunye neyokukhupha;
4. Khetha uboya obusemgangathweni ophezulu.
XVI. Ukucinezela okungekho sisinyithi
Izinto zangaphandle ezifana nomnyama welitye zicinezelwa kwiindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zemveliso ekhutshiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-non-metallic indentation. Emva kokuba izinto zangaphandle zikhutshiwe, umphezulu wangaphakathi wemveliso uya kubonisa iindawo ezixineneyo zobukhulu obahlukeneyo, nto leyo eya kutshabalalisa ukuqhubeka komphezulu wemveliso.
Eyona nto ibangela ukungena kwezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi
1. Ubungakanani be-graphite particle burhabaxa okanye buhlanganiswe, buqulathe umswakama okanye ioyile, kwaye ukuxuba akulingani;
2. I-flash point ye-oyile yesilinda iphantsi;
3. Umlinganiselo weoyile yesilinda kunye negrafiti awufanelekanga, kwaye kukho igrafiti eninzi kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Sebenzisa i-graphite efanelekileyo kwaye uyigcine yomile;
2. Hlunga kwaye usebenzise ioyile yokuthambisa efanelekileyo;
3. Lawula umlinganiselo weoyile yokuthambisa kunye negrafiti.
XVII. Ukugqwala komphezulu
Iimveliso ezikhutshiweyo ezingakhange zinyangwe ngaphezulu komhlaba, umphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo, emva kokuba i-chemical okanye i-electrochemical reaction idibene ne-external medium, ibangela isiphene esibangelwa kukonakala kwendawo yomphezulu, okubizwa ngokuba yi-surface corrosion. Umphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo ulahlekelwa lukhazimla lwayo lwesinyithi, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, iimveliso ze-corrosion ezimhlophe-ezingwevu ziveliswa phezu komphezulu.
Unobangela oyintloko wokugqwala komphezulu
1. Imveliso ivezwa kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ezifana namanzi, i-asidi, i-alkali, ityuwa, njl. ngexesha lokuveliswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa, okanye ipakishwe kwindawo enomswakama ixesha elide;
2. Umlinganiselo wokwakheka kwe-alloy ongafanelekanga;
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Gcina umphezulu wemveliso kunye nendawo yokuvelisa kunye nokugcina imveliso icocekile kwaye yomile;
2. Lawula umxholo wezinto ezikwi-alloy.
Ixolo leorenji
Umphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo unemibimbi engalinganiyo njengexolo leorenji, eyaziwa ngokuba yimibimbi yomphezulu. Ibangelwa ziinkozo ezirhabaxa ngexesha lokukhupha. Okukhona iinkozo zirhabaxa, kokukhona imibimbi ibonakala ngakumbi.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuba ixolo leorenji libe bomvu
1. Ulwakhiwo lwe-ingot alulingani kwaye unyango lwe-homogenization alwanelanga;
2. Iimeko zokukhupha azikho ngqiqweni, kwaye iinkozo zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo zirhabaxa;
3. Ubungakanani bokunwebeka nokulula bukhulu kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Lawula ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokudibanisa i-homogenization;
2. Ukuguqulwa kufanele kufane kangangoko (lawula ubushushu bokuphuma, isantya, njl.njl.)
3. Lawula ubungakanani bokulungiswa koxinzelelo ukuze kungabi bukhulu kakhulu.
XIX. Ukungalingani
Emva kokukhupha, indawo apho ubukhulu bemveliso butshintsha khona kwiplani ibonakala igobile okanye ingqukuva. Ngokubanzi, ayinakubonwa ngamehlo enyama. Emva konyango lomphezulu, kuvela izithunzi ezincinci okanye izithunzi zamathambo.
Unobangela oyintloko wokungalingani
1. Ibhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta ayilwanga kakuhle, kwaye ukulungiswa kwesikhunta akukho ndawo;
2. Ubungakanani bomngxuma we-shunt okanye igumbi langaphambi kwegumbi alifanelekanga, kwaye amandla okutsala okanye ukwandisa iprofayili kwindawo enqamlezileyo abangela utshintsho oluncinci kwiplane;
3. Inkqubo yokupholisa ayilingani, kwaye isantya sokupholisa senxalenye enodonga oluqinileyo okanye inxalenye edibanayo sicotha, nto leyo ebangela amazinga ahlukeneyo okuncipha kunye nokuguquka kwendiza ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa;
4. Ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu kubukhulu, umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye enodonga oluqinileyo okanye ulungiselelo lwendawo yotshintsho kunye nezinye iindawo zombutho uyanda.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Ukuphucula umgangatho woyilo lwesikhunta, ukwenziwa kwaso kunye nokulungiswa kwaso;
2. Qinisekisa ukuba isantya sokupholisa siyafana.
XX. Ipateni yokungcangcazela
Esi sisiphene semigca ejikelezayo esinqamlezayo kumphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo. Sibonakaliswa yimicu ejikelezayo ethe tye kumphezulu wemveliso, kwaye igophe lemigca lihambelana nesimo sebhanti yokusebenza yesikhunta, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho imvakalelo ecacileyo yokuba namaqhuqhuva.
Unobangela oyintloko wokungcangcazela
1. Umngxuma wokukhupha amanzi uya phambili kwaye uyashukuma ngenxa yezizathu zezixhobo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinyithi sishukume xa siphuma emngxunyeni;
2. Isinyithi siyanyikima xa siphuma emngxunyeni womngxuma ngenxa yesikhunta;
3. Iphedi yokuxhasa isikhunta ayifanelekanga, ukuqina kwesikhunta akulunganga, kwaye ukungcangcazela kwenzeka xa amandla okukhupha etshintshatshintsha.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Sebenzisa iimold ezifanelekileyo;
2. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-pads zokuxhasa ezifanelekileyo xa kufakwa isikhunta;
3. Lungisa izixhobo.
XXI, Ezixutyiweyo
Eyona nto ibangela ukubandakanywa
Ekubeni i-inclusion billet ine-inclusions zesinyithi okanye ezingezizo zesinyithi, ayizange ifumaneke kwinkqubo yangaphambili, kwaye yahlala phezu okanye ngaphakathi kwemveliso emva kokukhupha.
Indlela yokuthintela
Qinisa ukuhlolwa kwe-billet (kuquka ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound) ukuthintela ukuba i-billet equlethe isinyithi okanye izinto ezingezizo zesinyithi zingangeni kwinkqubo yokukhupha.
XXII, Iimpawu zamanzi
Iimpawu zamanzi ezimhlophe okanye ezimnyama ezingaqhelekanga kumphezulu wemveliso zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zamanzi.
Eyona nto ibangela iimpawu zamanzi
1. Ukomisa akulunganga emva kokucoca, kwaye kukho ukufuma okushiyekileyo kumphezulu wemveliso;
2. Ukufuma okuseleyo kumphezulu wemveliso okubangelwe yimvula nezinye izizathu akukacocwa ngexesha;
3. Ipetroli yesithando esidala inamanzi, kwaye amanzi ayajiya phezu komphezulu wemveliso ngexesha lokuphola kwemveliso emva kokuguga;
4. Ipetroli yesithando esidala ayicocekanga, kwaye umphezulu wemveliso ungcoliswa yi-sulfur dioxide emva kokutsha okanye ungcoliswe luthuli;
5. Indawo yokucima uthuli ingcolile.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Gcina umphezulu wemveliso womile kwaye ucocekile;
2. Lawula umswakama kunye nokucoceka kweshaja yokuguga;
3. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lwesixhobo sokucima.
XXIII. Umsantsa
Irula ibekwe ngokuthe tye kwindawo ethile yemveliso ekhutshiweyo, kwaye kukho umsantsa othile phakathi kwerula nomphezulu, obizwa ngokuba ngumsantsa.
Unobangela oyintloko womsantsa
Ukuhamba kwesinyithi okungalinganiyo ngexesha lokukhupha okanye imisebenzi yokugqiba nokulungisa engafanelekanga.
Indlela yokuthintela
Yila kwaye wenze iimolds ngokufanelekileyo, yomeleze ukulungiswa kwemold, kwaye ulawule ubushushu be-extrusion kunye nesantya se-extrusion ngokuhambelana nemigaqo.
XXIV, Ubukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo
Iimveliso ezikhutshiweyo ezinobukhulu obufanayo zineendonga ezibhityileyo okanye ezityebileyo kwicandelo elinye okanye kwicala elide, kwaye le nto ibizwa ngokuba bubukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuba udonga lube lukhuni ngendlela engalinganiyo
1. Uyilo lwesikhunta alunangqiqo, okanye isixhobo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwesikhunta akufanelekanga;
2. Isilinda yokukhupha kunye nenaliti yokukhupha azikho kumgca ophakathi ofanayo, zenza ubungqangi;
3. Ulwelo lwesilinda yokukhupha lugugile kakhulu, kwaye isikhunta asinakuqiniswa ngokuqinileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba singabi nanto ifanayo;
4. Ubukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo be-ingot blank ngokwayo abunakususwa emva kokuphuma kokuqala nokwesibini. Ubukhulu bodonga obungalinganiyo boboya emva kokuphuma abususwa emva kokuqengqeleka nokusolula;
5. Ioyile yokuthambisa ayifakwanga ngokulinganayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isinyithi sihambe ngokungalinganiyo.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Lungiselela uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo kunye neenkuni, kwaye udibanise kwaye ulungise ngokwengqiqo;
2. Lungisa umbindi we-extruder kunye ne-extrusion die;
3. Khetha izithuba ezifanelekileyo;
4. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu bokukhupha, isantya sokukhupha kunye nezinye iiparameter zenkqubo.
XXV. Yandisa (kwaye) umlomo
Isiphene sokuba amacala omabini eemveliso zeprofayili ezikhutshiweyo ezifana nomngxuma kunye nomfanekiso we-I zithe tyaba ngaphandle sibizwa ngokuba yi-flaring, kwaye isiphene esithe tyaba ngaphakathi sibizwa ngokuba yi-parallel opening.
Izizathu eziphambili zokwanda (ukuhlanganiswa)
1. Izinga lokuhamba kwesinyithi "kwemilenze" emibini (okanye "umlenze omnye") weprofayili yomgxobhozo okanye iiprofayili ezifanayo zomgxobhozo okanye iiprofayili ezimile okwe-I azilingani;
2. Izinga lokuhamba kwebhanti yokusebenza kumacala omabini epleyiti esezantsi yomngxuma alilingani;
3. Umatshini wokulungisa ukolula ongafanelekanga;
4. Emva kokuba imveliso iphumile emngxunyeni wesikhunta, unyango lwesisombululo esikwi-intanethi luyapholiswa ngokungalinganiyo.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Lawula ngokungqongqo isantya sokukhupha kunye nobushushu bokukhupha;
2. Qinisekisa ukuba ukupholisa kuyafana;
3. Yila kwaye wenze iimolds ngokuchanekileyo;
4. Lawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu kunye nesantya se-extrusion, kwaye ufake isixhobo uze ufe ngokuchanekileyo.
XXVI. Iimpawu zokolula
Imicu ejikelezayo eveliswa xa umqulu ophezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo ulungisiwe ibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokulungisa, kwaye iimpawu zokulungisa azinakuphetshwa kuyo nayiphi na imveliso elungisiwe ngumqulu ophezulu.
Eyona nto ibangela ukuba iimpawu zolule
1. Kukho imiphetho kumphezulu werola yerola yokulungisa;
2. Ukugoba kwemveliso kukhulu kakhulu;
3. Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo;
4. I-engile yerola yokulungisa inkulu kakhulu
5. Imveliso inombhoxo omkhulu.
Indlela yokuthintela
Thatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze ulungise ngokwesizathu.
XXVII. Iimpawu zokuma, iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo, iimpawu zokuluma
Misa ukukhupha izinto ngexesha lokukhupha ukuze kuveliswe imivimbo kumphezulu wemveliso kwaye ijonge kwicala lokukhupha izinto, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-stop marks; imivimbo yomgca okanye yemigca kumphezulu wemveliso kwaye ijonge kwicala lokukhupha izinto ngexesha lokukhupha izinto, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-bite marks okanye impressions ezikhawulezileyo (ezaziwa ngokuba "zii-fake park marks")
Ngexesha lokukhupha, izincamathelisi ezinamathele ngokuzinzileyo kumphezulu webhanti yokusebenza ziyasuswa ngoko nangoko kwaye zinamathele kumphezulu wemveliso ekhutshiweyo ukuze zenze iipateni. Imigca ethe tye yebhanti yokusebenza evelayo xa ukukhupha kumisiwe ibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokupaka; imigca evelayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha ibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu ezikhawulezileyo okanye iimpawu zokuluma, kwaye ziya kwenza isandi ngexesha lokukhupha.
Izizathu eziphambili zeempawu zokuma, iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo, kunye neempawu zokuluma
1. Ubushushu bokufudumeza obungalinganiyo be-ingot okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwisantya sokukhupha kunye noxinzelelo;
2. Iindawo eziphambili zesikhunta aziyilwanga kwaye zenziwe kakubi, okanye indibano ayilingani kwaye kukho izikhewu;
3. Kukho amandla angaphandle angqamene necala lokuphuma;
4. I-extruder ayihambi kakuhle, kwaye kukho into yokukhasa.
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Ubushushu obuphezulu, isantya esicothayo kunye nokuphuma okufanayo, amandla okuphuma ahlala ezinzile;
2. Ukuthintela amandla angaphandle kwicala lokuphuma ngokuthe nkqo ukuba angasebenzi kwimveliso;
3. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo kunye neenkuni, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwezinto zokungunda, ukufanisa ubungakanani, amandla kunye nobunzima.
XXVIII. Imikrwelo kumphezulu ongaphakathi
Imikrwelo kumphezulu wangaphakathi wemveliso ekhutshiweyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha ibizwa ngokuba yimikrwelo yomphezulu wangaphakathi.
Eyona nto ibangela ukurhawuzelelwa komphezulu wangaphakathi
1. Inaliti yokukhupha inamathele ngesinyithi;
2. Ubushushu benaliti yokukhupha buphantsi;
3. Umgangatho womphezulu wenaliti yokuphuma awukho semgangathweni kwaye kukho amaqhuma;
4. Ubushushu kunye nesantya sokukhupha izinto azilawulwa kakuhle;
5. Umlinganiselo ongalunganga we-extrusion lubricant;
Indlela yokuthintela
1. Nyusa ubushushu besilinda yokukhutshelwa kunye nenaliti yokukhutshelwa, kwaye ulawule ubushushu bokukhutshelwa kunye nesantya sokukhutshelwa;
2. Qinisa ukuhluzwa kweoyile yokuthambisa, jonga okanye utshintshe ioyile elahliweyo rhoqo, kwaye ufake ioyile ngokulinganayo nangokufanelekileyo;
3. Gcina umphezulu woboya ucocekile;
4. Buyisela ii-molds ezingafanelekiyo kunye neenaliti zokukhupha ngexesha, kwaye ugcine umphezulu we-molds zokukhupha ucocekile kwaye uthambile.
XXX. Ezinye izinto
Ngamafutshane, emva konyango olupheleleyo, iintlobo ezingama-30 zeziphene zeemveliso ze-aluminium alloy extrusion ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zinokususwa ngokufanelekileyo, umgangatho ophezulu, isivuno esiphezulu, ubomi obude, kunye nomphezulu wemveliso omhle, ukudala uphawu, ukuzisa amandla kunye nobutyebi kwishishini, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho.
XXX. Ezinye izinto
Ngamafutshane, emva konyango olupheleleyo, iintlobo ezingama-30 zeziphene zeemveliso ze-aluminium alloy extrusion ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zinokususwa ngokufanelekileyo, umgangatho ophezulu, isivuno esiphezulu, ubomi obude, kunye nomphezulu wemveliso omhle, ukudala uphawu, ukuzisa amandla kunye nobutyebi kwishishini, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2022