3303,441,553 isongezelelo sesinyithi sesilicon sokuphosa i-aluminium alloy casting
Kwimizi-mveliso, i-silicon yesinyithi idla ngokuveliswa ngokunciphisa i-silica ngekhabhoni kwiziko lombane.
I-Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C→Si + 2CO
Ukucoceka kwe-silicon efunyenwe ngale ndlela yi-97 ~ 98%, ebizwa ngokuba yi-silicon yensimbi.Emva koko iyancibilika kwaye iphinde ihlaziywe, kwaye ukungcola kususwe nge-asidi ukufumana i-silicon yensimbi enobunyulu be-99.7 ~ 99.8%.
Ukubunjwa kwe-silicon yesinyithi ikakhulu i-silicon, ngoko ke ineempawu ezifanayo kwi-silicon.
I-silicon ine-allotropes ezimbini:I-silicon ye-amorphous kunye ne-crystalline silicon.
Isilicon yeAmorphous yiumgubo ongwevu-omnyamaleyo ngokwenene i-microcrystal.
I-crystalline silicon ineisakhiwo sekristalekwayeiipropati zesemiconductor yedayimani, iindawo yokunyibilika yi-1410°C, indawo yokubilisa yi-2355 ° C, ubunzima be-Moh yi-7, kwaye i-brittle.I-silicon ye-amorphous isebenza ngeekhemikhali kwaye inakotshisa ngamandla kwioksijini.Isebenza kunye ne-non-metals efana ne-halogen, i-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye inokusebenzisana nesinyithi esifana ne-magnesium, i-calcium kunye ne-iron ukwenza iisilidi.I-silicon ye-amorphous iphantse inganyibiliki kuzo zonke i-inorganic kunye ne-organic acids kubandakanya i-hydrofluoric acid, kodwa iyanyibilika kwiiasidi ezixubeneyo ze-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid.Isisombululo esigxininisiweyo se-sodium hydroxide sinokunyibilikisa i-silicon ye-amorphous kwaye ikhulule i-hydrogen.I-crystalline silicon ayisebenzi, ayidibanisi neoksijini nokuba kubushushu obuphezulu, ayinyibiliki kuyo nayiphi na i-asidi ye-inorganic kunye ne-asidi ephilayo, kodwa iyanyibilika kwiiasidi ezixubeneyo ze-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid kunye nesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide.
Isixa esikhulu sesilicon sisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikiswa kwi-ferrosilicon alloy njengento edibanisayo kushishino lwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, nanjengearhente yokunciphisa ukunyibilikiswa kweentlobo ezininzi zesinyithi.I-Silicon ikwalicandelo elilungileyo kwiialloyi ze-aluminiyam, kwaye uninzi lwe-alloys eyenziwe nge-aluminium ene-silicon.
